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Wright’s Learning Curve.

Double cumulative production and inspect an assumed unit-cost progress ratio.

Interactive experimentintuitiveField note ·
INTERACTIVE EXPERIMENT / P59

Wright’s Learning Curve

Double cumulative production and inspect an assumed unit-cost progress ratio.

TEST THE MECHANISM

An illustrative unit-cost learning curve starts at 1,000 when cumulative production is one. Each doubling multiplies unit cost by a supplied progress ratio.

70100
0.0500.01000.0
Wright-style unit-cost curve · Scale 0.0 to 1000.0 · Number of doublingsUnit cost at successive doublings
Cumulative production
1
Doublings
0
Unit-cost index
1000.00
Learning exponent
-0.322

An 80% progress ratio means a 20% unit-cost reduction per doubling, not per year or per additional unit. The board uses the unit-cost convention, not cumulative-average accounting, and assumes a stable relationship rather than predicting inevitable improvement.

A fixed unit-cost convention and stable ratio are supplied. Cumulative-average accounting differs, and the curve is not evidence that any technology must follow this forecast.

THE SHORT VERSION

Wright’s Learning Curve, explained.

Wright-style learning curves describe a power-law relationship between cumulative production and cost under a specified cost convention.

01 / THE MECHANISM

Why it happens

The board uses a unit-cost index of one thousand at cumulative output one. Each doubling multiplies unit cost by progress ratio b; the exponent is log₂ b.

Wright-style learning curves describe a power-law relationship between cumulative production and cost under a specified cost convention.

Read the result

The horizontal progress variable counts doublings of cumulative output. It is neither calendar time nor the count of individual additional units.

02 / FOLLOW IT THROUGH

A worked example

Apply a progress ratio twice

  1. Keep the progress ratio at eighty percent with initial unit-cost index one thousand.

  2. Double cumulative output once to obtain unit cost eight hundred.

  3. Double again to output four and unit cost six hundred forty, distinguishing a second proportional reduction from a fixed subtraction.

OPTIONAL DEEPER DETAILGo deeper: inside the model

Inside this model

The board uses a unit-cost index of one thousand at cumulative output one. Each doubling multiplies unit cost by progress ratio b; the exponent is log₂ b.

03 / BEYOND THE EXPERIMENT

Where this idea is useful

A practical use

Distinguish a cost reduction per doubling of cumulative output from a reduction per year.

CHECK YOUR INTUITION

A common misconception

THE TEMPTING CONCLUSION

“An eighty-percent progress ratio means costs fall eighty percent each year.”

THE MORE USEFUL DISTINCTION

It means cost becomes eighty percent of its previous value per cumulative-output doubling under this convention, with no year assigned.

What this explanation leaves out

  • A fixed unit-cost convention and stable ratio are supplied. Cumulative-average accounting differs, and the curve is not evidence that any technology must follow this forecast.
ONE MORE QUESTION

Is the unit-cost convention interchangeable with cumulative-average cost?

No. Historical learning-curve accounting can use different conventions; the board explicitly models unit cost at cumulative production levels.

TAKE THE IDEA WITH YOU

Which cumulative-output assumption turns an observed relationship into a future projection?

Associated thinkers

Associated withTheodore P. Wright ↗

Associations marked provisional are awaiting source review.

Further reading

Explore the original research or the teaching reference behind this experiment.